The purpose of this chapter is to simplify the language of visual fabric evaluation. Many of the most common denim defects have been illustrated with photographic examples, giving a brief explanation of their causes and severity of the defects as followed in 4 point inspection system.
In this work, every effort has been made to select the most descriptive terms used in Indian industry – trusting, that given time, these terms find an appropriate place among the valued relics of historical terms.
Attempts have been made to show some of these defects, slack end for example, on how they appear on the face and back of the fabric. Peculiar to Denim, there are certain defects, dyeing streaks for example, that have been little or no resemblance when viewed on washed fabrics.
We have placed the collections into the following five general categories:
Spinning
Weaving
Dyeing and Sizing
Finishing
Others
This is in belief, that once the cause of a defect is understood by process, it will enable corrective and preventive action, quick and more focused.
Further, the defects are classified according severity into 1, 2, 3 and 4 points as followed in 4 point inspection system. It is important, however, to be aware that there is all degree of severity, so that this collection is limited to that of guide. The same cause may result in defects ranging in size from inches to yards.
One may find, many of the defects illustrated as collection are 4 point defects, which is severe, if exposed, to place fabric in seconds.
INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS | ||
CAUSE | DEFECTS | PAGE |
Spinning | Coarse Weft | |
Slubby Weft | ||
Thick End | ||
Weft Slub | ||
Weaving | Double End | |
Double Pick | ||
Floats | ||
Jerky | ||
Knots | ||
Missing End | ||
Starting Mark (on Rigid Denim) | ||
Starting Mark (on Washed Denim) | ||
Starting Mark (Face Side) | ||
Starting Mark (Back Side) | ||
White Patti | ||
Dyeing and Sizing | Dyeing Streaks (on Rigid Denim) | |
Dyeing Streaks (on Washed Denim) | ||
Shade Variation | ||
Size Mark | ||
Slack End (Face Side) | ||
Slack End (Back Side) | ||
Tight End | ||
Finishing | Burnt Selvedge | |
Bent Selvedge | ||
Rubber Impression | ||
Others | Hole | |
Oil Mark | ||
Stitch | ||
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